In humans, trunk muscles have an essential role in postural control as well as walking.
However, little is known about the mechanisms of interaction with different muscles …

Activities of daily living require simultaneous and coordinated activation of trunk and upper-
limb segments, which involves complex interlimb interaction within the central nervous …

Most human movements require coordinated activation of multiple muscles. Although many
studies reported associations between arm, leg, and trunk muscles during functional tasks …

Electrophysiological studies in nonhuman primates reported the existence of strong
corticospinal output from the primary motor cortex to distal compared with proximal hindlimb …

A voluntary contraction of muscles with one arm increases the excitability of corticospinal
projections to the contralateral resting arm, a phenomenon known as crossed facilitation …

Evidence suggests that the primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in both voluntary, goal-
directed movements and in postural control. Trunk muscles are involved in both tasks …

Neural interactions between upper and lower limbs underlie motor coordination in humans.
Specifically, upper limb voluntary muscle contraction can facilitate spinal and corticospinal …

Corticospinal excitability is known to be modulated during voluntary muscle contraction of
distal limbs. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated the variety of …

Although voluntary muscle contraction modulates spinal reflex excitability of contracted
muscles and other muscles located at other segments within a limb (ie, intra-limb …

The effect of maintenance of neck flexion on corticospinal excitability of limb and trunk
muscles was investigated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Nine healthy …