Immune cells play critical roles in tumor prevention as well as initiation and progression.
However, immune-resistant cancer cells can evade the immune system and proceed to form …

In the past decade, the field of cancer immunotherapy has been revolutionized by immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB) technologies. Success across a broad spectrum of cancers has …

Introduction: Cancer immunotherapies were approved in recent years, including immune
checkpoint inhibitors. Experience with ipilimumab (CTLA-4 antagonist), nivolumab and …

The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune
checkpoint proteins hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for …

A hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune destruction. Activated
immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) secrete proinflammatory cytokines and …

Immune system plays a key role in cancer prevention as well as in its initiation and
progression. During multistep development of tumors, cells must acquire the capability to …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules present on the cell surface of T-lymphocytes. They
maintain self-tolerance and regulate the amplitude and duration of T-cell responses …

Background Immunotherapy is a firmly established pillar in the treatment of cancer,
alongside the traditional approaches of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Like …

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a highly heterogeneous endocrine malignancy with an increased
incidence in women than in men. Previous studies regarding the pathogenesis of TC …

The immune system plays critical roles in tumor prevention, but also in its initiation and
progression. Tumors are subjected to immunosurveillance, but cancer cells generate an …