The 'regional nodal mapping', is a fundamental step to stage breast carcinoma. In addition to
the axillary nodes status, the involvement of internal mammary nodes is an important …

• Metastases to the axillary nodes, the internal mammary nodes, or both, define a group of
patients at very high risk of having systemic micrometastases leading to recurrent disease …

Internal mammary lymph node biopsies were performed during radical mastectomy in 113
cases of invasive carcinoma of the breast. Metastases were found in 25 cases, 22% of the …

Clinical, histologic, and biologic prognostic factors were examined in 144 patients with
invasive breast cancer. It was determined whether variable prognostic factors, especially …

Aggressive primary therapy—surgery combined with irradiation—which is designed to treat
the entire breast as well as both primary lymphatic depots of the breast has resulted in …

The risk of internal mammary chain metastases according to some parameters and its
prognostic relevance was evaluated on the basis of the experience collected at the National …

The results of the analysis carried out on data on 1119 patients with operable breast cancer
treated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1965 to 1979 with enlarged …

An axillary lymphadenectomy is important for the staging and treatment of metastatic
disease in patients with carcinoma of the breast, especially since the nodal status is a …

The lymph nodes of the internal mammary chain represent a primary station draining the
lymph from the breast and their removal or their irradiation has been considered an …

According to recent data medial location of early breast cancer was associated with a higher
risk of systemic relapse and breast cancer death compared with lateral location. This paper …