Objective Emerging preclinical evidence has shown that the bidirectional signaling between
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the brain, the so-called gut-brain axis, plays an important …

The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric
nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it …

Background The gut microbiota is associated with several of metabolic diseases, including
obesity and type 2 diabetes and affects host physiology through distinct mechanisms. The …

In 2016, key studies have increased our understanding of the part played by the brain–gut–
microbiota axis in disorders as diverse as depression, obesity and autism spectrum disorder …

The past decade has been characterized by tremendous progress in the field of the gut
microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Although numerous studies show a strong …

The gut–brain axis is the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain, which
occurs through multiple pathways that include hormonal, neural and immune mediators. The …

Background A vast diversity of microbes colonizes in the human gastrointestinal tract,
referred to intestinal microbiota. Microbiota and products thereof are indispensable for …

Background The microbial community of the human gut–the enteric microbiota–plays a
critical role in functions that sustain health and is a positive asset in host defenses. In recent …

The human gut microbiota has received considerable interest in the recent years and our
knowledge of the inhabitant species and their potential applications is increased particularly …

Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a
pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially …