Oxidative stress involves the increased production and accumulation of free radicals,
peroxides, and other metabolites that are collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only cytotoxic products from external and internal
environment, but also important mediators of redox signaling. Therefore, thioredoxin (Trx) as …

The mammalian thioredoxin system is driven by NADPH through the activities of isoforms of
the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD, TrxR), which in turn help to keep …

The intracellular redox homeostasis is a dynamic balancing system between the levels of
free radical species and antioxidant enzymes and small molecules at the core of cellular …

Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a powerful antioxidant that reduces protein disulfides to
maintain redox stability in cells and is involved in regulating multiple redox-dependent …

The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one of the central antioxidant systems in mammalian cells,
maintaining a reducing environment by catalyzing electron flux from nicotinamide adenine …

Thioredoxin (Trx), a small, ubiquitous thiol [sulfydryl (-SH)] protein, is one of the most
important regulators of reduction–oxidation (redox) balance and, thus, redox-controlled cell …

The thioredoxin (Trx) system, which is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR),
and thioredoxin, is a key antioxidant system in defense against oxidative stress through its …

Oxidative stresses are largely mediated by intracellular protein oxidations by reactive
oxygen species (ROS). Host cells are equipped with antioxidants that scavenge ROS. The …