Next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) has emerged as a promising alternative to non-
animal studies owing to the increasing demand for the risk assessment of inhaled toxicants …

Currently available toxicity data on humidifier disinfectants are primarily limited to
polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate-induced lung fibrosis. We, therefore, investigated …

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p) was used as a humidifier disinfectant
in Korea. PHMG induced severe pulmonary fibrosis in Koreans. The objective of this study …

Dear Editor, Inhalational exposure to toxic chemicals present in humidifier disinfectant (HD),
such as polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), was identified as a cause of the serious …

The antimicrobial biocide polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) phosphate is the main
ingredient in the commercially available humidifier disinfectant. PHMG phosphate-based …

Exposure to certain chemicals such as disinfectants through inhalation is suspected to be
involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease in which lung tissue …

Mechanistic toxicology provides a powerful approach to inform on the safety of chemicals
and the development of safe‐by‐design compounds. Although toxicogenomics supports …

There is an urgent need for reliable toxicity assays to support the human health risk
assessment of an ever increasing number of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Animal …

The inhalation of humidifier disinfectants (HDs) is linked to HD-associated lung injury
(HDLI). Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) is significantly involved in HDLI, but the …

According to previous survey, about two million of people were expected to suffer from toxic
effects due to humidifier disinfectant (HD), regardless of healing or not. Extremely small …