Evaluating the extent of agreement between 2 or between several raters is common in
social, behavioral and medical sciences. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed …

Executive summary The main aim of this research was to investigate estimates of inter-rater
reliability for assessments where inconsistency in marking between markers might be …

Cohen's kappa coefficient is a commonly used method for estimating interrater agreement
for nominal and/or ordinal data; thus agreement is adjusted for that expected by chance. The …

We introduce a new statistical method, which separates and measures different types of
variability between paired ordered categorical measurements. The key to the separation is a …

This article presents a survey of ways of statistically modelling patterns of observer
agreement and disagreement. Main emphasis is placed on modelling inter-observer …

Considerable research has been conducted on how interrater agreement (IRA) should be
established before data can be aggregated from the individual rater level to the organization …

Evaluation of inter-rater agreement (IRA) or inter-rater reliability (IRR), either as a primary or
a secondary component of study is common in various disciplines such as medicine …

Agreement measures are useful tools to both compare different evaluations of the same
diagnostic outcomes and validate new rating systems or devices. Cohen's kappa (κ) …

The authors demonstrated that the most common statistical significance test used with r WG-
type interrater agreement indexes in applied psychology, based on the chi-square …

The paper compares four coefficients that can be used to summarize inter-rater agreement
on a nominal scale. The coefficients are Cohen's kappa and three coefficients that were …