Vaccination programmes are critically important to suppress the burden of infectious
diseases, saving countless lives globally, as emphasised by the current COVID-19 …

Vaccines can prevent infectious diseases, but their efficacy varies, and factors impacting
vaccine effectiveness remain unclear. Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient …

Vaccines are the most effective measure to prevent deaths and illness from infectious
diseases. Nevertheless, the efficacy of several paediatric vaccines is lower in low-income …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

The control over iron availability is crucial under homeostatic conditions and even more in
the case of an infection. This results from diverse properties of iron: first, iron is an important …

Iron is essential for nearly all living organisms. Innate immunity effectively restricts iron
availability to microbial invaders. Some microbes have evolved effective countermeasures …

Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and
homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of …

Both, mammalian cells and microbes have an essential need for iron, which is required for
many metabolic processes and for microbial pathogenicity. In addition, cross-regulatory …

Host antimicrobial mechanisms reduce iron availability to pathogens. Iron proteins
influencing the innate immune response include hepcidin, lactoferrin, siderocalin …

Iron is an essential trace element for multicellular organisms and nearly all microorganisms.
Although iron is abundant in the environment, common forms of iron are minimally soluble …