The middle ear bones of Mesozoic mammals are rarely preserved as fossils and the
morphology of these ossicles in the earliest mammals remains poorly known. Here, we …

The holotypes of euharamiyidan Arboroharamiya allinhopsoni and Arboroharamiya jenkinsi
preserve the auditory and hyoid bones, respectively. With additional structures revealed by …

Incisor enamel microstructures of three euharamyidans, Shenshou lui, Xianshou linglong,
and X. songae, from the early Late Jurassic Yanliao Biota, Liaoning Province, China, are …

The middle ear ossicles in modern mammals are repurposed from postdentary bones in non-
mammalian cynodonts. Recent discoveries by palaeontological and embryonic studies have …

We report a new Cretaceous multituberculate mammal with 3D auditory bones preserved.
Along with other fossil and extant mammals, the unequivocal auditory bones display …

Five partially preserved mammaliaform petrosals recovered from Middle Jurassic sediments
of the Berezovsk coal mine (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia) show similarities to other early …

The present study describes and analyzes new Neandertal and early modern human
auditory ossicles from the sites of Qafzeh and Amud in southwest Asia. Some …

The earliest known mammalian stapes with unequivocal morphology from an Early
Cretaceous eutriconodontan, Chaoyangodens lii, is described. The stapes is roughly …

Partial malleus, ectotympanic, and stylohyal along witha fragment of a possible stapesare
described for the multituberculate Kryptobaatar dashzevegi from the Late Cretaceous of …

Transformations of ear structures in the evolution of early mammals can be studied with the
fossils of mammaliaforms. The middle ear is fully attached to the mandibles in …