Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex genetic disorder in which
environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke, interact with genetic susceptibility to cause …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is described as airflow limitation that is not
fully reversible. Quantitative assessment of structural changes within the lung that are …

Computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for imaging the thorax and lung
structure. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it used to recognise the key …

Background: Using CT to define phenotypic abnormalities in patients diagnosed as having
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may serve to optimize treatment, guide the …

Airway remodeling is extremely important in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). Since the site and nature of airflow obstruction was described …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the presence of airflow
limitation that is caused by a combination of small airway remodeling and emphysema …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an incompletely
reversible airflow limitation that results from a combination of airway wall remodeling and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease that is
characterized by chronic airflow limitation. Unraveling of this heterogeneity is challenging …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease having small
airway inflammation, emphysema, and pulmonary hypertension. It is now clear that …

Computed tomography has facilitated recognition that chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease is not a single disease but encompasses several overlapping entities, including …