Major central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, and stroke, are significant threats to human health. Although …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membrane barrier considered one of the most crucial
protective architectures in the central nervous system (CNS). Its presence acts as a hurdle …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disorder
manifested by memory loss and cognitive impairment. Deposition of the amyloid β plaques …

Dopamine (DA) is one of the main neurotransmitters found in the central nervous system
and has a vital role in the function of dopaminergic (DArgic) neurons. A progressive loss of …

Mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons is the core pathogenesis of incurable Parkinson's
disease (PD). It is crucial to ameliorate the mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons for boosting …

Purpose Ginkgolide B (GB) is a terpene lactone derivative of Ginkgo biloba that is believed
to function in a neuroprotective manner ideal for treating Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the natural protective tight junctions of epithelial cells that
separate blood vessels from cerebrospinal fluid for protection of brain from various toxic and …

The prevalence of the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease
(PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), are expected to rise alongside the progressive aging of …

Efficient delivery of brain-targeted drugs is highly important for successful therapy in
Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was designed to formulate borneol and lactoferrin co …

Current research efforts are focused on the application of growth factors, such as glial cell
line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as …