Both smoking and alcohol consumption are known to cause severe health problems and
there is an extensive co-abuse of tobacco and ethanol. The reinforcing properties of drugs of …

Ethanol and nicotine are the most abused drugs, and it is well known that co-abuse of
ethanol and nicotine is frequent in human beings. We have previously obtained results …

Ethanol shares with all major dependence producing drugs the ability to activate brain
mesocorticolimbic dopamine neurons, an important part of the brain reward systems. This …

It has been suggested that the mesolimbic dopamine activating and the reinforcing
properties of ethanol involve activation of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. To test …

Although progress has been made identifying neural mechanisms underlying ethanol's
primary reinforcing effects, few studies have examined the mechanisms mediating ethanol …

Nicotine (NIC) and ethanol (ETOH) are both drugs of abuse that can affect similar pathways
in the central nervous system. However, the role of nicotinic processes in ETOH's reinforcing …

Aims: Concurrent use of ethanol and nicotine (tobacco) is often seen in human beings. In
previous animal experiments, we have demonstrated that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors …

It is well established that the continued intake of drugs of abuse is reinforcing—that is
repeated consumption increases preference. This has been shown in some studies to …

The neurobiological processes by which ethanol seeking and consumption are established
and maintained are thought to involve areas of the brain that mediate motivated behavior …

Rationale Cues associated with alcohol can elicit craving, support drug-seeking and
precipitate relapse. Objectives We investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic …