Background: Many methods under the umbrella of inter-rater agreement (IRA) have been
proposed to evaluate how well two or more medical experts agree on a set of outcomes. The …

Objective For assessing interrater agreement, the concepts of observed agreement and
specific agreement have been proposed. The situation of two raters and dichotomous …

The need to assess agreement exists in various clinical studies where quantifying inter‐rater
reliability is of great importance. Use of unscaled agreement indices, such as total deviation …

Background Cohen's κ coefficient is often used as an index to measure the agreement of
inter-rater determinations. However, κ varies greatly depending on the marginal distribution …

Background Interrater reliability, aka intercoder reliability, is defined as true agreement
between raters, aka coders, without chance agreement. It is used across many disciplines …

Objective The concept of specific agreement (SA) has been proposed for dichotomous
outcomes for two or more raters. We aim to extend this concept for variables with more than …

OBJECTIVE: The overall objective was to unfold the phenomenon of interrater agreement: to
identify potential sources of variation in agreement data and to explore how they can be …

Estimation of the degree of agreement between different raters is of crucial importance in
medical and social sciences. There are lots of different approaches proposed in the …

Background In inter-rater agreement studies, the assessment behaviour of raters can be
influenced by their experience, training levels, the degree of willingness to take risks, and …

Agreement among at least two evaluators is an issue of prime importance to statisticians,
clinicians, epidemiologists, psychologists, and many other scientists. Measuring …