Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an endocrine disorder. In coming decades it will be one of the
leading causes of death globally. The key factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes are …

Autophagy, a double-edged sword for cell survival, is the research object on 2016 Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Autophagy is a molecular mechanism for maintaining …

Autophagy functions to degrade and recycle intracellular proteins and damaged organelles,
maintaining the normal cellular function. Autophagy has been shown to play an important …

Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged
organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and …

Diabetes is a common metabolic disease whose hyperglycemic state can induce diverse
complications and even threaten human health and life security. Currently, the treatment of …

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic system, which enables cells to capture cytoplasmic
components for degradation within lysosomes. Autophagy is involved in development …

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged
hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Its incidence is increasing annually, posing a …

Autophagy, a stress-induced lysosomal degradative pathway, has been assumed to exert
similar metabolic effects in different organs. Here, we establish a model where autophagy …

Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies
show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic …

Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as
anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in …