Importance Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and deadly
disease. Long-acting inhaled β-agonists and anticholinergics, first-line medications for …

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a largely preventable and
manageable respiratory condition, affects an estimated 12% to 20% of adults. Long-acting …

Importance The associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and inhaled long-
acting β 2-agonists (LABAs) or long-acting antimuscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) in chronic …

This review summarizes the long-term clinical outcomes associated with β-agonist and
anticholinergic bronchodilator use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Background: Use of a long-acting inhaled bronchodilator, either an anticholinergic or a β-
adrenergic receptor agonist (β-agonist), is recommended for maintenance treatment of …

The cardiovascular risk of concurrently using long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and
anticholinergics (LAMAs) in COPD is uncertain. We assessed the comparative …

Background Bronchodilators are first-line therapy for COPD. There is some evidence that
they may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Methods We used the computerized …

In 2014 and 2015, more than 6% of adults aged 40 years or older reported having been
diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the prevalence of …

Background A previous study suggested a potential increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia with
new use of long-acting β-agonists and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD, although …

Context Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely
used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the …