The main advantages of proton therapy are the reduced total energy deposited in the patient
as compared to photon techniques and the finite range of the proton beam. The latter adds …

A Monte Carlo (MC) code (VMCpro) for treatment planning in proton beam therapy of cancer
is introduced. It is based on ideas of the Voxel Monte Carlo algorithm for photons and …

The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of introducing site-specific range
margins to replace current generic margins in proton therapy. Further, the goal was to study …

Purpose: While Monte Carlo particle transport has proven useful in many areas (treatment
head design, dose calculation, shielding design, and imaging studies) and has been …

Density heterogeneities can have a profound effect on dose distributions for proton therapy.
Although analytical calculations in homogeneous media are relatively straightforward, the …

Purpose: TOPAS (TOol for PArticle Simulation) is a particle simulation code recently
developed with the specific aim of making Monte Carlo simulations user‐friendly for …

Accurate radiation dose calculation is essential for successful proton radiotherapy. Monte
Carlo (MC) simulation is considered to be the most accurate method. However, the long …

Traditionally, dose in proton radiotherapy is prescribed as Gy (RBE) by scaling up the
physical dose by 10%. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons is considered …

Stray radiation exposures are of concern for patients receiving proton radiotherapy and vary
strongly with several treatment factors. The purposes of this study were to conservatively …

A pencil beam algorithm as a component of an optimization algorithm for intensity
modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is presented. The pencil beam algorithm is tuned to the …