The ability to differentiate healthy and tumorous tissue is vital during the surgical removal of
tumors. This ability is especially critical during neurosurgical tumor resection due to the risk …

Background: Frozen section and smear preparation are the current standard for
intraoperative histopathology during cancer surgery. However, these methods are time …

Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging brain imaging
technique due to its small size, low cost, minimum scanning sonic noise, and portability …

Introduction The intrinsic autofluorescence of biological tissues interferes with the detection
of fluorophores administered for fluorescence guidance, an emerging auxiliary technique in …

Minimally-invasive diagnosis and therapy have gradually become the trend and research
hotspot of current medical applications. The integration of intraoperative diagnosis and …

Image-guided surgery can enhance cancer treatment by decreasing, and ideally eliminating,
positive tumor margins and iatrogenic damage to healthy tissue. Current state-of-the-art near …

Purpose Malignant gliomas are major causes of cancer-related mortality and morbidity.
Traditional surgery usually leads to incomplete resection of gliomas resulting in the high …

Multiphoton excitation fluorescent microscopy is a laser-based technology that allows
subcellular resolution of native tissues in situ. We have recently applied this technology to …

Biomarkers are indicators of biological processes and hold promise for the diagnosis and
treatment of disease. Gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of brain tumors with marked …

Abstract Background and Objective Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant primary
brain tumor. It has no border but at best a marginal zone, however, invisible to the surgeon …