Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are environmental pollutants, known to cause adverse health
effects in humans even following long-term exposure to low doses. These metals …

The German Environmental Surveys (GerESs) are nationwide population studies, which
have repeatedly been carried out in Germany since the mid-1980s. The subjects were …

Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring element and its toxicity, especially in certain forms, has
been known for many years. Exposure to Hg can occur in occupational and environmental …

Iron (Fe) deficiency is the most common nutritional problem among children and lead (Pb)
toxicity is the most common environmental health threat to children all over the world. The …

The health effects of chronic exposure to heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury
are widely documented, yet few data exist about the renal impact of low environmental …

Population exposures to toxic trace metals are of great concern due to their
nonbiodegradable nature and long biological half-lives for elimination from the body …

Reference values for environmental pollutants in the German population are established
continuously by the Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German Federal …

Background: Human beings are exposed to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) from
cigarette smoking. Whether this exposure is associated with nephrotoxicity is unknown …

As a follow-up of an earlier population study carried out in West Germany in 1985/1986
(GerES I), a nationwide Environmental Survey was conducted in Germany in 1990–1992 …

A human biomonitoring study was carried out measuring the levels of endocrine disruptors
in 252 participants (18–76 years old) recruited between February and May 2015 from the …