The control of systemic infection by encapsulated microorganisms requires T-independent
type II (TI-2) Ab responses to bacterial polysaccharides. To understand how such responses …

X‐linked immunodeficient (Xid) mice carry a Bruton′ s tyrosine kinase (Btk) mutation and
exhibit a selective failure to produce antibodies against bacterial capsular polysaccharides …

TACI signals activate B cell proliferation, isotype switch and antibody production in both
normal immunity and autoimmune states. In contrast to murine TACI, the human TACI gene …

Subjects with common variable immune deficiency may have mutations in transmembrane
activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI). Unlike the murine gene …

A natural serum autoantibody specific for the Thy-1 glycoprotein (anti–Thy-1 autoantibody
[ATA]) is produced by B-1 cells that are positively selected by self-antigen. Here, using …

Abstract TNFRSF13B, which encodes TACI (transmembrane activator and calcium-
modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor), is mutated in 10% of patients with common …

Antigens that are expressed on the surface of pathogens in an organized, highly repetitive
form can activate specific B cells by cross-linking of antigen receptors in a multivalent …

BACKGROUND: Transmembrane activator, calcium modulator, and cyclophilin ligand
interactor (TACI) expression on B cells is upregulated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 …

Humoral immunity to viruses and encapsulated bacteria is comprised of T cell–independent
type 2 (TI-2) antibody responses that are characterized by rapid antibody production by …

B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), plays critical roles in B cell survival,
activation, differentiation, and antibody (Ab) production. BAFF binds to three receptors: BAFF …