Lithium (Li) is the main mood stabilizer and acts on multiple biochemical targets, leading to
neuronal plasticity. Several clinical studies have shown that tamoxifen (TMX)–a protein …

Background The intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the
Na+/K+-adenosine-triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) enzyme, induces hyperactivity in rats …

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and therapeutics of
bipolar disorder are still unknown. In recent years, protein kinase C (PKC) has emerged as a …

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mood stabilizers, specifically lithium (Li)
and valproate (VPA), on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the brains of rats subjected to the …

Background: Recent studies revealed that bipolar disorder may be associated with deficits of
neuroplasticity. Additionally, accumulating evidence has implicated alterations of the …

Lithium (Li) is a mood-stabilizing drug used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD).
Recently, preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential of tamoxifen (TMX) in the …

Rationale Lithium, some of the anticonvulsants, and several second-generation
antipsychotic drugs are common medications widely prescribed to treat bipolar disorder …

Objectives Several recent studies have suggested that the physiopathology of bipolar
disorder (BD) is related to immune system alterations and inflammation. Lithium (Li) is a …

Studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the physiopathology of bipolar
disorder. Preclinical data have shown that PKC inhibitors may act as mood-stabilizing …

Rationale: In the context of bipolar disorder (BPD) research it was demonstrated that
administration of the structurally dissimilar mood stabilizers lithium and valproate produced …