Abundant evidence from family, adoption, and twin studies point to large genetic
contributions to individual differences in vulnerability to develop dependence on one or …

Classical genetic studies document strong complex genetic contributions to abuse of
multiple addictive substances. These genetic influences are more prominent in the later …

Abstract Background and Aims Twin and family studies suggest that genetic influences are
shared across substances of abuse. However, despite evidence of heritability, genome …

Genome‐wide association (GWA) can elucidate molecular genetic bases for human
individual differences in complex phenotypes that include vulnerability to addiction. Here …

The development of substance dependence requires the initiation of substance use and the
conversion from experimental use to established use before development of dependence …

Family, adoption and twin data each support substantial heritability for addictions. Most of
this heritable influence is not substance-specific. The overlapping genetic vulnerability for …

Strong genetic contributions to drug abuse vulnerability are well documented, but few
chromosomal locations for human drug-abuse vulnerability alleles have been confirmed. We …

Background Classical genetic studies provide strong evidence for heritable contributions to
susceptibility to developing dependence on addictive substances. Candidate gene and …

Addictions are substantially heritable complex disorders. We now report whole genome
association studies that identify 89 genes likely to contain variants that contribute to …

Background Vulnerabilities to dependence on addictive substances are substantially
heritable complex disorders whose underlying genetic architecture is likely to be polygenic …