The endogenous opioid system is now known to play a major role in many aspects of normal
physiology and neurobiology, as well as a central role in many of the addictive disease …

The early history of research on the possible existence of specific opioid receptors and on
developing a new form of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of heroin addiction in New York …

Although opiates have been used for medicinal and recreational purposes for many
centuries, the mechanism through which they produce their effects has only been elucidated …

The early evolution of concepts of endogenous opioids and multiple opioid receptors had its
inception in a concerted program to develop safe, nonaddicting substitutes for opiates (see …

This paper will review some of the more recent developments in the study of opioid
receptors. It will be a general review with emphasis on the research performed in our own …

Research in the field of opioid receptors has received major impetus by the identification of
ligands with high selectivity toward receptor types, eg, mu (sufentanil, DAGO), kappa (U50 …

The very exciting, independent and original reports in 1973 of Snyder, Simon and Terenius
which constituted the final discovery and delineation of specific opiate receptors, after early …

Opioids, such as morphine and heroin, represent prototypic addictive drugs. Despite major
research efforts, the biological mechanisms underlying the addictive properties of these …

Opioid use disorders have become an epidemic in recent years with rates nearly
quadrupling since 1999 according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention …

The acute effects of any opioid in a naive individual are significantly different from chronic
effects of opioids, since during chronic usage of any opioid, tolerance develops to most, but …