The host cell chaperone Hsp90 is essential for translocation of the binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin into the cytosol

G Haug, J Leemhuis, D Tiemann, DK Meyer… - Journal of Biological …, 2003 - ASBMB
Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is the prototype of the binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxins
and consists of the binding component C2II and the enzyme component C2I. The activated …

Cellular Uptake of Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin:  Membrane Translocation of a Fusion Toxin Requires Unfolding of Its Dihydrofolate Reductase Domain

G Haug, C Wilde, J Leemhuis, DK Meyer, K Aktories… - Biochemistry, 2003 - ACS Publications
The Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is the prototype of the family of binary actin− ADP-
ribosylating toxins. C2 toxin is composed of two separated nonlinked proteins. The enzyme …

Cyclophilin A facilitates translocation of the Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin across membranes of acidified endosomes into the cytosol of mammalian cells

E Kaiser, S Pust, C Kroll, H Barth - Cellular microbiology, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of the binding/translocation component
C2IIa and the separate enzyme component C2I, which mono‐ADP‐ribosylates actin in …

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin: low pH-induced pore formation is required for translocation of the enzyme component C2I into the cytosol of host cells

D Blöcker, K Pohlmann, G Haug, C Bachmeyer… - Journal of Biological …, 2003 - ASBMB
The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of two individual proteins, the transport
component C2II (80 kDa) and the enzyme component C2I, which ADP-ribosylates G-actin in …

Cellular uptake of Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin requires oligomerization and acidification

H Barth, D Blöcker, J Behlke… - Journal of Biological …, 2000 - ASBMB
The actin-ADP-ribosylating binaryClostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of two individual
proteins, the binding/translocation component C2II and the enzyme component C2I. To elicit …

The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin as a protein delivery system: identification of the minimal protein region necessary for interaction of toxin components

H Barth, R Roebling, M Fritz, K Aktories - Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2002 - ASBMB
The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is composed of the enzyme component C2I and
the binding component C2II, which are individual and non-linked proteins. Activated C2IIa …

Formation of a Biologically Active Toxin Complex of the Binary Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin without Cell Membrane Interaction

E Kaiser, G Haug, M Hliscs, K Aktories, H Barth - Biochemistry, 2006 - ACS Publications
Clostridium botulinum produces a binary toxin, which is composed of two separate proteins.
The enzyme component, C2I, is an ADP-ribosyltransferase which modifies G-actin of …

The C Terminus of Component C2II ofClostridium botulinum C2 Toxin Is Essential for Receptor Binding

D Blöcker, H Barth, E Maier, R Benz… - Infection and …, 2000 - Am Soc Microbiol
The binary Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of two separate proteins, the binding
component C2II (80.5 kDa) and the actin-ADP-ribosylating enzyme component C2I (49.4 …

ADP-Ribosylation of Actin by the Clostridium botulinum C2 Toxin in Mammalian Cells Results in Delayed Caspase-Dependent Apoptotic Cell Death

K Heine, S Pust, S Enzenmüller… - Infection and immunity, 2008 - Am Soc Microbiol
The binary C2 toxin from Clostridium botulinum mono-ADP-ribosylates G-actin in the cytosol
of eukaryotic cells. This modification leads to depolymerization of actin filaments …

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is internalized by clathrin‐ and Rho‐dependent mechanisms

S Pust, H Barth, K Sandvig - Cellular microbiology, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is an ADP‐ribosyltransferase, causing depolymerization of
the actin cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. The C2 toxin is a binary toxin consisting of the …