Heart failure exhibits remarkable pathophysiologic heterogeneity. A large body of evidence
suggests that regardless of the underlying etiology, heart failure is associated with induction …

Increased circulating and intracardiac levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been
associated with chronic heart failure. Following an initial insult, the increased production of …

Recent studies have determined that expression of inflammatory mediators, such as
cytokines and chemokines, is an important factor in the development and progression of …

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a disorder characterized in part by immune activation and
inflammation. Thus, patients with HF have elevated levels of a number of inflammatory …

Evidence from both experimental and clinical trials indicates that inflammatory mediators are
of importance in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (HF) contributing to cardiac …

Accumulating evidence indicates that inflammatory mediators are important in the
pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF), contributing to cardiac remodeling and …

BACKGROUND: Myocardial dysfunction has been associated with inflammation and
cytokine modulation. OBJECTIVES: The study objective was to understand the role of …

In many forms of cardiomyopathic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, there is a rapid
myocardial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and …

Recent studies have shown that patients with heart failure overexpress a class of
biologically active molecules, generically referred to as pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Proinflammatory cytokines are consistently elevated in
congestive heart failure. In the current review, we provide an overview on the current …