Autophagy is a dynamic process that maintains the normal homeostasis of cells by digesting
and degrading aging proteins and damaged organelles. The effect of autophagy on neural …

Autophagy is considered a major bulk degradation system that helps cells to counteract
different intracellular and extracellular stress signals. Several protein complexes integrate …

Cells of an organism face with various types of insults during their lifetime. Exposure to
toxins, metabolic problems, ischaemia/reperfusion, physical trauma, genetic diseases …

Neurological diseases are multifactorial, devastating diseases that are causative for various
neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence points that accumulation of unfolded …

Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial self-destructive processes that maintain cellular
homeostasis, which are characterized by their morphology and regulated through signal …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant ingredients are a series of crucial signaling
molecules in oxidative stress response. Under some pathological conditions such as …

Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by
lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes …

Autophagy, a main degradation pathway for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and redox
homeostasis have recently been considered to play protective roles in neurodegenerative …

Cells activate protective mechanisms to overcome stressful conditions that threaten cellular
homeostasis, including imbalances in calcium, redox, and nutrient levels. Endoplasmic …

We reported that a high level of autophagy was initiated by oxygen-glucose deprivation
(OGD) and was maintained in neurons even after oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by …