Cancer arises from the acquisition of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes in host cells
over the span of many years, promoting oncogenic traits and carcinogenesis. Most cancers …

Complex and intricate circuitries regulate cellular proliferation, survival, and growth, and
alterations of this network through genetic and epigenetic events result in aberrant cellular …

Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their
uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the …

Cancer develops in multicellular organisms from cells that ignore the rules of cooperation
and escape the mechanisms of anti-cancer surveillance. Tumorigenesis is jointly …

Gene–environment interactions underlie cancer susceptibility and progression. Yet, we still
have limited knowledge of which environmental factors are important and how they function …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex condition with heterogeneous aetiology, caused by a
combination of various environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The presence of a …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to a complex and dynamic community of
microorganisms, comprising bacteria, archaea, viruses, yeast, and fungi. It is widely …

Simple Summary Tissue-resident microbiota has been attributed to the overall human health
and disease. This comprehensive review summarizes the current understanding of how …

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process by which normal cells acquire genetic and epigenetic
changes that result in cancer. In combination with host genetic susceptibility and …

The human body is colonized by the microbial cells that are estimated to be as abundant as
human cells, yet their genome is roughly 100 times the human genome, providing …