Although isoflurane, a non-water soluble agent, has been known to block Na+ currents, its
spinal anesthetic effect was not exposed. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the …

Isoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic, though its actions at the cellular level remain
controversial. By using acute spinal cord slices from adult rats and the whole-cell recording …

Spinal anesthesia has evolved into a safe and widely accepted method of anesthesia.
Synergy between opioids and local anesthetics further increases the quality of analgesia …

The primary mode of action of local anesthetics is through sodium channel and axonal
conduction blockade. Local anesthetics also have extensive effects on presynaptic calcium …

Background Reports of major and minor sequelae following lidocaine spinal anesthesia
have generated interest in an alternative short-acting intrathecal agent. Of the available …

Background The spinal cord appears to be the site where anesthetic agents prevent
movement in response to noxious stimuli. When isoflurane is differentially delivered to the …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diphenidol on blocking Na+ currents and
spinal anesthesia. We used the patch-clamp method to examine if diphenidol blocked Na+ …

The aim of this study evaluated the spinal anesthetic effect of verapamil and diltiazem. After
rats were injected intrathecally with verapamil and diltiazem, dose–response curves were …

Anesthetics such as isoflurane act in the spinal cord to suppress movement in response to
noxious stimulation. Spinal anesthesia decreases hypnotic/sedative requirements, possibly …

The purpose of this study was to estimate the local anesthetic effect of orphenadrine, an anti-
muscarinic agent, in spinal anesthesia and its comparison with the local anesthetic …