Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder precipitated by a stressful
event that produces fear or terror in the individual. Post‐traumatic stress disorder studies …

Background Preclinical studies showed that early stress results in long-term alterations in
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. We performed a comprehensive assessment …

Background: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the
pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additional information on basal …

Preclinical studies show that animals with a history of chronic stress exposure have
increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity following reexposure to …

BACKGROUND: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the catecholaminergic system
are involved in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This was a …

Exposure to childhood trauma may induce persistent changes in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-
Adrenal (HPA)-axis functioning even in the absence of current psychopathology. Because …

There has been a great deal of interest in the role of the neuroendocrine hormones of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in the expression of stress-related …

BACKGROUND: In chronic sexual abuse victims with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis can be dysregulated. In single rape victims …

BACKGROUND: Previous research examining biological correlates of posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) in children has suggested that children with chronic PTSD have altered …

Evidence suggests that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have an
enhanced sensitization of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. However …