Background: Trans-spinal electrical stimulation (tsES) to the intact spinal cord poststroke
may modulate the cortico-muscular control in stroke survivors with diverse lesions in the …

Since the spinal cord has traditionally been considered a bundle of long fibers connecting
the brain to all parts of the body, the study of its role has long been limited to peripheral …

Objective. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can help activate muscles of individuals with
neurological disorders. However, conventional electrical stimulation targets distal branches …

Introduction Previous studies found that post-stroke motor impairments are associated with
damage to the lesioned corticospinal tract (CST) and hyperexcitability of the contralesional …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an existing incurable disease that brings great pain and life
obstacles to patients. Spinal cord electrical stimulation is an effective means to alleviate …

Spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) has shown its potential for boosting motor,
sensory, and autonomic function recovery after a spinal cord injury. Despite the …

Objective. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has been gaining momentum as a
non-invasive rehabilitation approach to restore movement to paralyzed muscles after spinal …

Non-invasive spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) is often applied to one or
multiple spinal segments and may improve motor control after spinal cord injury (SCI). The …

Objective Increased muscle co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles during
voluntary movement is commonly observed in the upper limbs of stroke survivors. Much …

Objective. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSS) has been shown to be a promising
non-invasive alternative to epidural spinal cord stimulation for improving outcomes of people …