Pharmaceutical drug screening and research into diseases call for significant improvement
in the effectiveness of current in vitro models. Better models would reduce the likelihood of …

Nowadays the pharmaceutical industry is facing long and expensive drug discovery
processes. Current preclinical drug evaluation strategies that utilize oversimplified cell …

The high failure rate in drug development is often attributed to the lack of accurate pre-
clinical models that may lead to false discoveries and inconclusive data when the …

The process of new drug development is both time and cost intensive. Therefore, all test
systems, in particular during the pre-clinical phase, have to provide reliable results to …

Organ-on-chip (OoC) systems are in vitro microfluidic models that mimic the microstructures,
functions and physiochemical environments of whole living organs more accurately than two …

Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to accelerate pharmaceutical drug
development, improve the clinical translation of basic research, and provide personalized …

Highlights•A summary of fabrication and research applications of organs-on-chips is
provided.•The current business scenario for organs-on-chips is discussed.•Future changes …

Drugs may undergo costly preclinical studies but still fail to demonstrate their efficacy in
clinical trials, which makes it challenging to discover new drugs. Both in vitro and in vivo …

Organs-on-chips are three-dimensional, microfluidic cell culture systems that simulate the
function of tissues and organ subunits. Organ-on-chip systems are expected to contribute to …

Background: Kidney dysfunction resulting from various drugs is an important issue during
the drug development process. Traditional in vivo animal experiments are limited with …