A widely used method for studying the evolutionary forces acting on a species is to
sequence homologous genomic regions from a set of randomly chosen individuals. The …

In a wide variety of organisms, synonymous codons are used with different frequencies, a
phenomenon known as codon bias. Population genetic studies have shown that …

The phenomenon of codon usage bias has been important in the study of evolution because
it provides examples of weak selection working at the molecular level. During the last two …

Much of modern biological research aims to characterize the relationship between genotype
and phenotype. Evolutionary biology is more ambitious. An understanding of how genotype …

Codon usage bias is the nonrandom use of synonymous codons for the same amino acid.
Most population genetic models of codon usage evolution assume that the population is at …

A model of synonymous codon usage is developed in which the most frequent codons are
selectively advantageous because of their coadaptation with tRNA abundances. Random …

Current models of codon substitution are formulated at the levels of nucleotide substitution
and do not explicitly consider the separate effects of mutation and selection. They are thus …

Patterns of synonymous codon usage are determined by the forces of mutation, selection
and drift. We elaborate on previous population genetic models of codon usage to …

A strong negative correlation between the rate of amino‐acid substitution and codon usage
bias in Drosophila has been attributed to interference between positive selection at …

Background: There is a 3-fold redundancy in the Genetic Code; most amino acids are
encoded by more than one codon. These synonymous codons are not used equally; there is …