knowledge and expertise achieved so far via CCSVI approach reflects pivotal and landmark
promises for RR, PP, and SPMS patients for randomized future controlled trial.[...] designing …

Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A
recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in …

Changes are occurring in the multiple sclerosis community. The disease, which has always
been considered autoimmune, may be related to vascular problems, in which circulation in …

Abstract Background In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and …

In the case of CCSVI, all of these criteria are either not, or only partially, fulfilled: 5 a) the
discrepancy of results is against criterion 1; b) the lack of reproducibility against criterion 2 …

Background In recent years, shared decision making (SDM) has been promoted as a model
to guide interactions between persons with MS and their neurologists to reach mutually …

Immunomodulating therapy has proven efficacy in the treatment of patients with multiple
sclerosis (MS), which indicates that the disease has an autoimmune genesis. However, a …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disease characterized by
multifocal areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration within the brain and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system with not yet
completely understood pathogenesis. The so called “chronic cerebrospinal venous …