The creation of transgenic livestock is a complex multistep procedure the successful
execution of which demands a high level of skill and application. Useful animals have been …

The introduction of foreign DNA into the genome of livestock and its stable integration into
the germ line has been a major technical advance in agriculture. Production of transgenic …

Although mouse embryonic stem cells have been used widely for over a decade as an
important tool for introducing precise genetic modification into the genome, demonstrating …

The production of transgenic cattle presents a number of unique challenges not
encountered in other species. First, the survival of microinjected zygotes is low; only 15% in …

Nuclear transfer (NT) is a procedure by which genetically identical individuals can be
created. The applications of these NT techniques will be in agriculture, biomedicine, and …

The stable introduction of new genetic material into breeding programmes for farm animal
species requires germ line modification. One route by which to achieve this is by the …

The overall efficiency of somatic cloning in cattle is still low. Many factors are necessary for
successful birth of live offspring. Among them, the source of donor cells reveals the …

On the basis of established surgical procedures for embryo recovery and transfer, the early
pig embryo can be subjected to various manipulations aimed at a longterm preservation of …

In contrast to the highly developed genetic modification systems available for manipulating
the mouse genome, at this time only simple gain of function modifications can be undertaken …

Manipulation of the pig genome is currently restricted to the random insertion of new DNA
using pronuclear microinjection. This method suffers from a number of inherent limitations …