B orrelia burgdorferi, the agent of L yme disease, is maintained in nature within an enzootic
cycle involving a mammalian reservoir and an I xodes sp. tick vector. The transmission …

ABSTRACT The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto downregulates
outer surface protein A (OspA) and upregulates outer surface protein C (OspC) during tick …

The Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), must cause persistent,
disseminated infection to be maintained in the natural enzootic cycle. In human Lyme …

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) is a bacterial species complex that includes the
etiological agents of the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the Northern …

The complement system is an ancient arm of the innate immune system that plays important
roles in pathogen recognition and elimination. Upon activation by microbes, complement …

Lyme disease begins at the site of a tick bite, producing a primary infection with spread of
the organism to secondary sites occurring early in the course of infection. A major outer …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, exploits an array of strategies to
establish infection and to overcome host innate and adaptive immune responses. One key …

By using real-time quantitative PCR, the population dynamics and gene transcription of
Borrelia burgdorferi were examined in ticks and skin of mice during acquisition of the …

Borrelia burgdorferi exists in nature via an enzootic cycle whereby the organism must adapt
to the diverse environmental conditions provided inside the arthropod transmission vector …

Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in the United States and
is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in the eastern US and I. pacificus in the west. The …