In the drug discovery process the optimization of a promising lead to an orally bioavailable
drug remains a difficult task. Recent progress in the understanding of the role of …

Carefully controlled solute movement into and out of cells is an essential feature of life.
There are many ways solutes are transported across the thin (~ 40 Å) hydrophobic barrier …

About 30per4cent of drug candidate molecules are rejected due to pharmacokinetic-related
failures. When poor pharmaceutical properties are discovered in development, the costs of …

An overview of macroscopic, mass transfer, irreversible thermodynamic and macromolecular
theories is presented for application in solute diffusion through polymeric membranes …

This Review illustrates the evaluation of permeability of lipid membranes from molecular
dynamics (MD) simulation primarily using water and oxygen as examples. Membrane …

A diffusion-limited kinetic treatment has been applied (i) to carrier-mediated transport of a
single substrate species and of an ion pair and (ii) to carrier-mediated exchange diffusion of …

The separation of molecules by membranes is not only a very important event in biological
systems, it has also important large-scale industrial applications, and therefore, it is of a …

Cell membranes provide a selective semi-permeable barrier to the passive transport of
molecules. This property differs greatly between organisms. While the cytoplasmic …

The aim of this study was to investigate the permeation properties of 20 permanently positive
charged molecules in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). Eight of …

Molecular permeation through lipid membranes is a fundamental biological process that is
important for small neutral molecules and drug molecules. Precise characterization of free …