Abstract Background In 2009, Dr. Paolo Zamboni proposed chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although his theory and …

Background: We conducted a rigorous review of videos related to multiple sclerosis (MS)
and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) treatment posted by people with MS …

Objective Venoplasty has been proposed, alongside the theory of chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite concerns …

Background The vascular hypothesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), called chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), and its treatment (known as liberation therapy) was …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that typically affects young adults. A
recent publication suggested that MS might originate from insufficient blood drainage in …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) treatment is an unproven
intervention aimed at relieving some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been
introduced as a chronic state of impaired cerebral or cervical venous drainage that may be …

The news media is frequently criticised for failing to support the goals of government health
campaigns. But is this necessarily the purpose of the media? We suggest that while the …

As the field of science communication has matured over the past 50 years, there has been a
significant move away from the conventional understanding that mass media's role in the …

It has been well established that the media play a crucial role in framing public health
debates and shaping public perceptions by selecting which issues are reported and how …