Background: Associations between cadmium (Cd) and kidney function have been reported
even at low levels of exposure in the general population. Recently, the causality of these …

Background Associations of proteinuria with low-level urinary cadmium (Cd) are currently
interpreted as the sign of renal dysfunction induced by Cd. Few studies have considered the …

Objectives The nephrotoxicity of cadmium at low levels of exposure, measured by urinary
cadmium, has recently been questioned since co-excretion of cadmium and proteins may …

INTRODUCTION: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden
occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing …

Background: The current risk assessment for environmental cadmium (Cd) largely relies on
the assumption that urinary Cd (U-Cd) is a reliable biomarker of the Cd body burden. Recent …

Background Exposure to cadmium has been associated with nephropathy and implicated in
the development of diabetes and hypertension. The role of environmental metal exposure …

We conducted a study among residents of a small community contaminated with heavy
metals from a defunct zinc smelter and residents from a comparison community to determine …

We studied determinants of cadmium status and kidney function in nonsmoking men and
women living on farms in southern Sweden. Median blood Cd (BCd) was 1.8 nmol/L (range …

OBJECTIVES To study the dose-response relation between cadmium dose and renal
tubular damage in a population of workers and people environmentally or occupationally …

Background: Exposure to cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as a health hazard, both
in industry and in general populations with high exposure. Under the currently prevailing …