Appeals to synapomorphic features of the wrist and hand in African apes, early hominins,
and modern humans as evidence of knuckle‐walking ancestry for the hominin lineage rely …

Among living mammals, only the African apes and some anteaters adopt knuckle‐walking
as their primary locomotor behavior. That Pan and Gorilla both knuckle‐walk has been cited …

Richmond & Strait (2000) have attracted much attention with a recent morphometric analysis
of distal radii of anthropoids and hominid fossils, suggesting some of the latter share knuckle …

Considerable attention has been given to hand morphology and function associated with
knuckle‐walking in the African apes because of the implications they have for the evolution …

This article examines the curvature of the manual proximal and middle phalanges of species
belonging to Pan, Gorilla, Ateles, Macaca, Pongo, Hylobates, and Cebus to determine …

Knuckle‐walking is a pattern of digitigrade locomotion unique to African apes among
Primates. Only chimpanzees and gorillas are specially adapted for supporting weight on the …

The origin and evolution of knuckle-walking has long been a key focus in understanding
African ape, including human, origins. Yet, despite numerous studies documenting …

Examination of the ontogeny of hominoid hands indicates that the majority of differences
observed among adult bonobos, chimpanzees, and gorillas in the gross proportions of the …

Because the ulna supports and transmits forces during movement, its morphology can signal
aspects of functional adaptation. To test whether, like extant apes, some hominins habitually …

Preliminary results of electromyographic (EMG) studies on the forearm of a gorilla
provisionally support the hypothesis that special closepacked positioning mechanisms may …