Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem in the United States that puts a significant
burden on both patients and the healthcare system. The prevalence of malnutrition in HF …

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the nutrition adequacy and energy
availability for physical activity in free-living, clinically stable patients with chronic heart …

There is extensive experimental evidence from in vitro and animal experiments that
congestive heart failure (CHF) is a state of oxidative stress. Moreover, in animal models, the …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a highly prevalent condition among the elderly and is
associated with considerable morbidity, institutionalization and mortality. In its advanced …

Background: Elevated circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines may
contribute to the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). In vitro studies suggest that …

BACKGROUND: Iron is an indispensable element of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and
cytochromes, and, beyond erythropoiesis, is involved in oxidative metabolism and cellular …

Aim: Malnutrition has been identified to be an independent predictor of morbidity and
mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the pathophysiological …

Background: Increasingly, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming an inevitable
consequence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. As the disease progresses, and …