Background. Though peripheral blood is a crucial sample to study immunology, it is unclear
whether the immune environment in the peripheral vasculature correlates with that at the …

Pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]—α, interleukin [IL]—6, IL-8,
IL-10, and soluble TNF receptor II [sTNFR] II) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune responses in HIV-uninfected cryptococcal meningitis
(CM) have not been well studied. In this study, we aimed to explore the phenotype of CSF …

Cytokine levels were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 16 adults with cryptococcal
meningitis (CM). Low levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, high levels of …

Understanding the host immune response during cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is of critical
importance for the development of immunomodulatory therapies. We profiled the …

Background Despite availability of HIV treatment globally, cryptococcal meningitis continues
to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. The role of the immune response in acute …

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening infection in HIV-infected patients,
especially in resource-limited settings. Cytokine patterns in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

Background The central nervous system is considered a sanctuary site for HIV-1 replication.
Variables associated with HIV cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load in the context of …

Backgrounds Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) has been known to lead to significant morbidity
and mortality. The relative contribution of the complement system in protection and …

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains as common life-threatening AIDS-defining illness
mainly in resource-limited settings. Previous reports suggested that baseline cytokine …