Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB play central roles in mediating signal
transduction of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily in human macrophages. The …

Macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell types involved
in foam cell formation associated with atherosclerosis. The aim of this experiment was to …

Objective To investigate if inflammatory stress increases intracellular accumulation of
unmodified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in human monocyte cell line (THP-1) macrophages …

Macrophage foam cell formation (FCF) has long been known to play a critical role during
atherosclerotic plaque development. In the presence of atherogenic molecules such as …

Macrophage foam cells formation is the most important process in atherosclerotic plaque
formation and development. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the important innate …

Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) induced a foam‐cell‐like phenotype of the
vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to the inflammatory responses incorporating …

Formation of macrophage-derived foam cells may mark the initial stages of atherosclerosis.
We investigated the association between the expression of the leukocyte-associated …

Foam cell formation is the key process in the development of atherosclerosis. The uptake of
oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) converts macrophages into foam cells. We recently …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are related to foam cell formation (FCF), key event in the
establishment/progression of atherosclerosis. The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 can …

Activation of macrophages by TLR agonists enhances foam cell formation, but the
underlying mechanisms are not understood. We examined the effects of TLR agonists on …