Two major goals of laboratory evolution experiments are to integrate from genotype to
phenotype to fitness, and to understand the genetic basis of adaptation in natural …

Hotter is better is a hypothesis of thermal adaptation that posits that the rate-depressing
effects of low temperature on biochemical reactions cannot be overcome by physiological …

Background When introduced to novel environments, the ability for a species to survive and
rapidly proliferate corresponds with its adaptive potential. Of the many factors that can yield …

Eight bacteriophages were adapted for rapid growth under similar conditions to compare
their evolved, endpoint fitnesses. Four pairs of related phages were used, including two …

We used experimental evolution to test directly the important and commonplace evolutionary
hypothesis that adaptation, increased fitness within the selective environment, is …

Evolutionary biologists commonly interpret adaptations of organisms by reference to a
phenotype-fitness map, a model of how different states of a phenotype affect fitness …

Experimental evolution of bacteriophage provides a powerful means of studying the
genetics of adaptation, as every substitution contributing to adaptation can be identified and …

Optimality models assume that phenotypes evolve by natural selection largely
independently of underlying genetic mechanisms. This neglect of genetic mechanisms is …

A previously established multiscale population genetics model posits that fitness can be
inferred from the physical properties of proteins under the physiological assumption that a …

What factors influence the ability of populations to adapt to extreme environments that lie
outside their current tolerance limits? We investigated this question by exposing …