Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar is one of the major pathological characteristics of
diabetes. The endothelium is the inner layer of the vascular wall and is directly exposed to …

Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors,
antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type …

Vildagliptin is a stable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, a responsible enzyme that mainly
inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1, and now one of the widely used agents for the treatment …

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are known to lower glucose levels and are also beneficial
in the management of cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated whether a dipeptidyl …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut hormone secreted from L cells in the intestine in
response to food intake, not only augments glucosedependent insulin secretion from …

Endothelial dysfunction is an early step to the progression of cardiovascular diseases in
diabetes. Apart from their anti-diabetic action, DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors also …

The collected data have revealed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4)
inhibitors on the vascular endothelium, including vildagliptin. However, the involved …

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel anti-hyperglycemic drugs for type 2
diabetes. It has been reported that DDP-4 inhibitor could exert pleiotropic effects on …

Background Obesity is the main risk factor for diabetes and excessive visceral fat triggers
low-grade inflammatory process, mediated by activation and release of cytokines and high …

Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) are a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction
induced by high levels of FFAs is one of the mechanisms related to the progression of …