Muscle synergies describe common patterns of co-or reciprocal activation that occur during
movement. After stroke, these synergies change, often in stereotypical ways. The …

Individuals with moderate-to-severe post-stroke hemiparesis cannot control proximal and
distal joints of the arm independently because they are constrained to stereotypical …

Background: Recent experimental evidence has indicated that the motor system coordinates
muscle activations through a linear combination of muscle synergies that are specified at the …

The intact nervous system has an exquisite ability to modulate the activity of multiple
muscles acting at one or more joints to produce an enormous range of actions. Seemingly …

Production of voluntary movements relies critically on the functional integration of several
motor cortical areas, such as the primary motor cortex, and the spinal circuitries …

In chronic hemiparetic stroke, increased shoulder abductor activity causes involuntary
increases in elbow, wrist, and finger flexor activation, an abnormal muscle coactivation …

Key points Activation of the shoulder abductor muscles in the arm opposite a unilateral brain
injury causes involuntary increases in elbow, wrist and finger flexion in the same arm, a …

Motor system uses muscle synergies as a modular organization to simplify the control of
movements. Motor cortical impairments, such as stroke and spinal cord injuries, disrupt the …

We present a method called muscle synergy analysis, which can offer clinicians insight into
both underlying neural strategies for movement and functional outcomes of muscle activity …

The experimental findings herein reported are aimed at gaining a perspective on the
complex neural events that follow lesions of the motor cortical areas. Cortical damage …