Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes a wide range of treatments that
are gaining acceptance among the public. It is increasingly being recognized as a viable …

Macrophages were discovered in the 19th century by Ukrainian biologist Élie Metchnikoff
who worked in Ukraine, Russia, and France [1, 2]. He discovered the process of …

Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2), which play contrasting
roles during pathogenesis or tissue damage. M1 polarized macrophages produce pro …

Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different
physiological and pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the …

Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria and
secrete both pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators. In addition, macrophages play …

Herbs and traditional foods have been demonstrated for their effectiveness on lifestyle-
related diseases like diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, arthritis and cancer as well as …

Plants have a vital role in human health, including various aspects, such as nutrition and
medicine. The huge progress in engineering and biology leads to acceleration in research …

Immune cells are important for the healthy function of every organ. The homeostasis of the
immune system is selfregulated by T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells. The …

Background Phytochemicals are natural compounds derived from plants, and are now at the
forefront of anti-cancer research. Macrophage immunotherapy plays a crucial role in the …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Numerous studies have demonstrated that various
traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against …