Improving clinical tests are allowing us to more precisely classify autism spectrum disorders
and diagnose them at earlier ages. This raises the possibility of earlier and potentially more …

Although the neurobiology of autism has been studied for more than two decades, the
majority of these studies have examined brain structure 10, 20, or more years after the onset …

Autism is a disorder that has remained strongly rooted in the original descriptions from which
it was first conceptualized; that is, Leo Kanner's portrayals of 11 children whom he deemed …

The neurobiology and neuropathology of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain
poorly defined. Brain imaging studies suggest that the deficits in social cognition, language …

Studies of infant siblings of older autistic probands, who are at elevated risk for autism, have
demonstrated that the defining features of autism are not present in the first year of life but …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by impaired social interaction and
communication accompanied by stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests. Although …

The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) presents a
substantial challenge for diagnosis, classification, research, and treatment. Investigations …

Understanding the neurobiological processes by which genotypes become phenotypes,
along with the advances in developmental neuroscience and neuronal networks at the …

Autism is a behaviorally defined disorder characterized by a broad constellation of
symptoms. Numerous studies directed to the biological substrate demonstrate clear effects …

Highlights•High throughput genomic methods are rapidly increasing the pool of ASD
genes.•Heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and brain complexity complicate translation to …