The formalin test does not probe inflammatory pain but excitotoxicity in rodent skin
T Hoffmann, F Klemm, TI Kichko, SK Sauer… - Physiological …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
The most widely used formalin test to screen antinociceptive drug candidates is still
apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence …
apostrophized as targeting inflammatory pain, in spite of strong opposing evidence …
Pain behavior in the formalin test persists after ablation of the great majority of C-fiber nociceptors
SD Shields, DJ Cavanaugh, H Lee, DJ Anderson… - PAIN®, 2010 - Elsevier
Although the formalin test is a widely used model of persistent pain, the primary afferent fiber
types that underlie the cellular and behavioral responses to formalin injection are largely …
types that underlie the cellular and behavioral responses to formalin injection are largely …
Pain assessment using the rat and mouse formalin tests
The formalin test was originally developed by Dubuisson and Dennis (1977), and has since
been extensively used to assess pain-related responses. Rats and mice are the most …
been extensively used to assess pain-related responses. Rats and mice are the most …
Formalin-evoked activity in identified primary afferent fibers: systemic lidocaine suppresses phase-2 activity
S Puig, LS Sorkin - Pain, 1996 - Elsevier
Formalin injected subcutaneously into the paw is a frequently used pain assay; it evokes an
initial period of licking and flinching followed by a period of quiescence and last by a second …
initial period of licking and flinching followed by a period of quiescence and last by a second …
The interphase of the formalin test
The formalin test still surprises with its biphasic pain-related behavior resulting from a
quiescent interphase that does not occur with other algogenic compounds and remains …
quiescent interphase that does not occur with other algogenic compounds and remains …
The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain
S Hunskaar, K Hole - Pain, 1987 - journals.lww.com
The formalin test in mice is a valid and reliable model of nociception and is sensitive for
various classes of analgesic drugs. The noxious stimulus is an injection of dilute formalin …
various classes of analgesic drugs. The noxious stimulus is an injection of dilute formalin …
Evidence for a peripheral origin of the tonic nociceptive response to subcutaneous formalin
R Dallel, P Raboisson, P Clavelou, M Saade, A Woda - Pain, 1995 - Elsevier
The orofacial formalin test in the rat is a valid and reliable model of nociception and is
sensitive to various classes of analgesic drugs. The noxious stimulus consists in an injection …
sensitive to various classes of analgesic drugs. The noxious stimulus consists in an injection …
The formalin test: characteristics and usefulness of the model
J Sawynok, XJ Liu - Reviews in analgesia, 2003 - ingentaconnect.com
The formalin test was introduced as a model of tonic pain in 1977, and has since been used
extensively in rats and mice. In rats, formalin generates an initial phase of activity (5–10 min …
extensively in rats and mice. In rats, formalin generates an initial phase of activity (5–10 min …
Formalin evokes calcium transients from the endoplasmatic reticulum
MJM Fischer, KJ Soller, SK Sauer, J Kalucka… - PLoS …, 2015 - journals.plos.org
The formalin test is the most widely used behavioral screening test for analgesic
compounds. The cellular mechanism of action of formaldehyde, inducing a typically biphasic …
compounds. The cellular mechanism of action of formaldehyde, inducing a typically biphasic …
The formalin test in mice: effect of formalin concentration
JH Rosland, A Tjølsen, B Mæhle, K Hole - Pain, 1990 - journals.lww.com
The effect of different formalin concentrations on the nociceptive response in the formalin
test was examined in mice. Subcutaneous formalin injection induces 2 distinct periods of …
test was examined in mice. Subcutaneous formalin injection induces 2 distinct periods of …