Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Cohen's kappa and intraclass kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Most measures of agreement are chance-corrected. They differ in three dimensions: their
definition of chance agreement, their choice of disagreement function, and how they handle …

Agreement studies often involve more than two raters or repeated measurements. In the
presence of two raters, the proportion of agreement and of positive agreement are simple …

Pi (π) and kappa (κ) statistics are widely used in the areas of psychiatry and psychological
testing to compute the extent of agreement between raters on nominally scaled data. It is a …

Abstract In a $2\times2 $ table showing binary agreement between two raters, it is known
that Cohen's $\kappa $, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, has two paradoxes …

Agreement between raters on a categorical scale is not only a subject of scientific research
but also a problem frequently encountered in practice. Whenever a new scale is developed …

We propose a coefficient of agreement to assess the degree of concordance between two
independent groups of raters classifying items on a nominal scale. This coefficient, defined …

Although the kappa statistic is widely used in measuring interrater agreement, it is known
that the standard confidence interval estimation behaves poorly in small samples and for …

Agreement analysis is an important tool that has been widely used in medical, social,
biological, physical and behavioral sciences. Though there are many different ways of …