Cohen's κ (kappa) is typically used as a measure of degree of rater agreement. It is often
criticized because it is marginal-dependent. In this article, this characteristic is explained and …

When studying the degree of overall agreement between the nominal responses of two
raters, it is customary to use the coefficient kappa. A more detailed analysis requires the …

Cohen's unweighted kappa and weighted kappa are popular descriptive statistics for
measuring agreement between two raters on a categorical scale. With m≥ 3 raters, there …

Kappa statistics, unweighted or weighted, are widely used for assessing interrater
agreement. The weights of the weighted kappa statistics in particular are defined in terms of …

This article addresses the problem of testing the difference between two correlated
agreement coefficients for statistical significance. A number of authors have proposed …

Procedures are developed and compared for testing the equality of two dependent kappa
statistics in the case of two raters and a dichotomous outcome variable. Such problems may …

Assessing agreement between the examiners, measurements and instruments are always of
interest to health-care providers as the treatment of patients is highly dependent on the …

Cohen's kappa coefficient, κ, is a statistical measure of inter-rater agreement or inter-
annotator agreement for qualitative items. In this paper, we focus on interval estimation of κ …

The degree of inter‐rater agreement is usually assessed through κ‐type coefficients and the
extent of agreement is then characterized by comparing the value of the adopted coefficient …

The kappa statistic is commonly used for quantifying inter-rater agreement on a nominal
scale. In this review article we discuss five interpretations of this popular coefficient. Kappa is …