Macrophages are phagocytic cells with important physiological functions, including the
digestion of cellular debris, foreign substances, and microbes, as well as tissue …

Background Macrophages are one of the major cell types in the immune system and are
closely related to tumor development, which can be polarized into M1 type with anti-tumor …

Macrophages can polarize into two different states (M1 and M2), which play contrasting
roles during pathogenesis or tissue damage. M1 polarized macrophages produce pro …

Macrophages are traditional innate immune cells that play critical roles in the clearance of
pathogens and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Accumulating evidence proves that …

Several signaling pathways were involved in M1 (classic) and M2 (alternative) macrophage
polarization. Disruption of M2‐related signaling pathways and improvement of M1‐related …

The occurrence and development of tumors depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME),
which consists of various types of cellular and acellular components. Tumor-associated …

Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and
heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and …

Macrophages, as crucial cellular components of innate immunity, are characterized by
possessing high plasticity and an abnormal ability to differentiate in response to numerous …

Macrophages M2 polarization have been taken as an anti-inflammatory progression during
inflammation. Natural plant-derived products, with potential therapeutic and preventive …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Numerous studies have demonstrated that various
traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against …